Radar · Space · RCS Measurement

Specialist radar, RF and Radar Cross Section engineering

NORRAD AS is an independent radar consultancy. We are engaged by organisations that need to understand, measure, evaluate or develop advanced radar and electromagnetic systems — combining radar physics, RF engineering, signal processing and measurement technology built on more than 40 years of experience.

NORRAD wideband radar cross section measurement system mounted on a mobile trailer
Wideband measurement radar · 2–40 GHz

40+

Years of radar experience

2–40 GHz

Wideband RCS measurement

11 yrs

Radar research at FFI

Independent

Technical advisory

Positioning

Radar problems that are genuinely hard to answer

NORRAD works where radar performance depends on physics, environment and measurement rather than on datasheets: what a target really scatters, how a system really performs at sea, whether a supplier claim really holds.

Measure it

Wideband 2–40 GHz radar cross section and signature measurement, with calibration, reference reflectors and documented measurement validity.

Evaluate it

Independent assessment of radar systems, architectures, waveforms, algorithms and measured data — including review of supplier claims.

Develop it

Support across the engineering lifecycle: feasibility, concept, modelling, prototyping, trials, qualification and requirements.

Flagship capability

Radar Cross Section measurement, 2–40 GHz

RCS measurement is where radar physics, RF hardware, calibration and interpretation meet. NORRAD covers the whole chain — from measurement planning and reference calibration to frequency, aspect-angle and polarisation analysis of the resulting signature.

Polar plot of measured radar cross section against aspect angle for HH and VV polarisation
Measured RCS vs aspect angle · HH / VV polarisation
  • Coherent, polarimetric and frequency-agile measurement techniques
  • Reference reflector calibration and traceable absolute RCS levels
  • Aspect-angle and frequency-dependent signature analysis
  • Multipath, environment and measurement-uncertainty assessment
  • Interpretation of what a signature means for detection performance
Full RCS capability

Nine competence areas

Depth across the complete radar chain

Not a single component, and not a single application: NORRAD works from scattering physics and RF front ends through signal processing to system-level performance and procurement decisions.

01

Radar Cross Section & Signature Measurement

Wideband 2–40 GHz measurement of radar cross section and radar signatures, with calibration, validation and interpretation of the measured result.

  • 2–40 GHz wideband measurement
  • RCS measurement
  • target characterisation
  • frequency response
  • polarisation
  • aspect-angle measurement
  • calibration
02

Radar Systems & Signal Processing

Complete radar systems at both system and subsystem level: architecture, waveforms, RF, and the processing chain that determines what the system can actually detect.

  • radar architecture
  • coherent radar
  • FMCW / CW radar
  • binary phase-coded
  • spread spectrum
  • waveforms
  • detection
03

Electronic Warfare & Radar Survivability

Radar behaviour in contested electromagnetic environments — interference, countermeasures, detectability and distributed architectures that improve survivability.

  • multistatic radar
  • bistatic radar
  • distributed radar
  • ECCM concepts
  • interference
  • low-power radar
  • waveform diversity
04

Phased Array & Advanced RF

Electronically steered antennas, beam steering and advanced radar front ends up into millimetre-wave bands.

  • electronically steered arrays
  • beam steering
  • phased-array radar
  • polarimetric radar
  • multifunction radar
  • Ku-band
  • millimetre-wave radar
05

Maritime & Small-Target Detection Radar

Radar performance over the sea: propagation, sea clutter, and the detection of small and low-RCS targets in difficult conditions.

  • sea clutter
  • radar propagation over sea
  • small targets
  • low-RCS targets
  • maritime surveillance
  • atmospheric refraction
  • multipath
06

Precision Radar & Remote Sensing

Radar used as a precision instrument: interferometric phase measurement, displacement monitoring and coherent remote sensing, including SAR-related analysis.

  • radar interferometry
  • coherent phase measurement
  • differential interferometry
  • displacement measurement
  • atmospheric compensation
  • measurement uncertainty
  • remote sensing
07

R&D & Technical Advisory

Independent technical support across the full radar engineering lifecycle — from feasibility study to qualified, operational system.

  • feasibility studies
  • concept development
  • modelling & simulation
  • algorithm development
  • prototyping
  • test planning
  • measurement campaigns
08

Drone Detection

Specialist radar expertise for detecting and tracking drones and other small aerial targets using high-resolution, electronically steered and phased-array radar concepts.

  • drone detection radar
  • counter-UAS radar
  • C-UAS
  • drone surveillance radar
  • drone tracking
  • drone swarm detection
  • small target detection
09

Air Defence

Specialist radar expertise for low-level air surveillance and air-defence applications, including multistatic radar, small-target detection, rapid electronic scanning and radar performance in contested electromagnetic environments.

  • air defence radar
  • low-level air surveillance
  • SHORAD radar
  • multistatic radar
  • bistatic radar
  • air defence surveillance
  • ECCM radar

Air defence & drone detection

Small, slow and low-flying targets

Drones and low-level air threats are among the hardest radar detection problems: very low radar cross section, low altitude, cluttered backgrounds and, increasingly, contested electromagnetic conditions. NORRAD advises on the radar engineering behind these tasks.

Drone Detection

Specialist radar expertise for detecting and tracking drones and other small aerial targets using high-resolution, electronically steered and phased-array radar concepts.

  • Detection and tracking concepts for small, slow and low-flying aerial targets with very low radar cross section.
  • High-resolution waveforms, electronic scanning and 3D radar concepts assessed against realistic clutter and background conditions.
  • Independent evaluation of counter-UAS radar performance claims, coverage and discrimination between drones, birds and clutter.

Air Defence

Specialist radar expertise for low-level air surveillance and air-defence applications, including multistatic radar, small-target detection, rapid electronic scanning and radar performance in contested electromagnetic environments.

  • Low-level air surveillance analysis: terrain masking, propagation, clutter and detection of small or low-flying targets.
  • Multistatic and bistatic architectures for coverage, resilience and reduced detectability.
  • Radar performance assessment under jamming, interference and other contested electromagnetic conditions.
  • Advisory and analysis work — NORRAD does not supply operational air-defence systems.

NORRAD works as a consultancy in this field — measurement, analysis, concept development and independent evaluation — not as a supplier of operational air-defence or counter-UAS systems.

Have a difficult radar or RF problem?

Describe the system, the measurement or the question. You will get a direct technical answer from an engineer, not a sales response.